sankarabharanam - the king of ragas in carnatic ragas

By Spardha Learnings | 

Raga Sankarabharanam is one of the most foundational and majestic ragas which is the most revered and versatile in Carnatic music. Known as the 29th Melakarta raga, it holds a central place in both classical compositions and teaching traditions. With its pleasing symmetry, melodious flow and adaptability, it is often compared to the major scale (Ionian mode) in Western music and hence earned the nickname “The King of Ragas.” “Bilaval” is the Hindustani equivalent to Sankarabharanam. 

Lakshana or the Characteristics of Sankarabharanam

  • 29th Melakartha/Janaka raga (Parent raga) 
  • Belongs to the 5th Chakra - Bana.
  • Sankarabharanam is a Sampoorna raga (have all 7 swaras in the scale)
  • Arohanam (Ascending scale) - S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 Ṡ
  • Avarohanam (Descending scale) - Ṡ N3 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S
  • Graha swara -  S or P (Frequent starting points)
  • Nyasa swara - S, G₃, P, and N₃ are ideal for resting (nyasa)
  • Vādi–Samvādi: G₃–N₃ or P–S
  • Madhyamakala phrases are prominent.

Swarasthanas

Shadjam (S), Chatursruthi Rishabham (R2), Antara Gandharam (G3), Sudha Madhyamam (M1), Panchamam (P), Chatursruthi Daivatham (D2), Kakali Nishadam (N3).

Highlights of Sankarabharanam

  • No Vakra swaras

The notes are in straight sequential order—no zig-zag patterns.

  • Symmetry

The smooth, linear scale allows for easy rendering and aesthetic beauty.

  • Manodharma-Friendly

Perfect for alapana, kalpana swaras, neraval, and tanam.

  • Western Equivalent

Structurally similar to the C major scale in Western music.

  • Universal Appeal

Its pleasant nature makes it ideal for both beginners and advanced performers.

  • Gamakas

Although the scale is linear, gamaka-rich phrases are characteristic — especially on G₃, D₂, and N₃. Hence it is called a Sarva Gamaka Manika Rakti Ragam.

Emotional Essence (Rasa)

Sankarabharanam evokes serenity, devotion, and joy. It is ideal for expressing bhakti (devotion) and shringara (love) rasas. Because of its soothing nature, it's often used in meditative and spiritual contexts. It has a majestic and uplifting mood that resonates well in both classical and semi-classical styles.

Janya ragas of Sankarabharanam

  • Hamsadhwani
  • Arabhi
  • Bilahari
  • Kadanakuthuhalam
  • Anandabhairavi

Each of these Janyas borrows from Sankarabharanam but adds its unique flavor through note arrangements and gamakas.

  • "Akshayalinga Vibho" – Muthuswami Dikshitar
  • "Enduku Peddala" – Tyagaraja
  • "Dakshayani Abhayambikayai" – Shyama Sastri
  • "Sankarabharanamai" – Swati Tirunal
  • "Sarojadala Netri" – Syama Sastri
  • “Manasa Sancharare” – Sadasiva Brahmendra

One of the popular sets of compositions called “Nottuswaras” are composed in raga Sankarabharanam. Nottuswaras are the simple Sanskrit songs that blend the Indian and Western Music culture. Nottuswaras were composed by Sri Muthuswami Dikshithar in the early 19th century.  

  • Sakthi Sahitha Ganapathim
  • Varasiva balam
  • Vande meenakshi
  • Shyayamale meenakshi
  • Santatam Pahimam

Presence in Cinema

Raga Sankarabharanam has also made a graceful entry into Indian film music. While the purity may vary, many composers have drawn inspiration from its scale. Notable songs in Indian films subtly borrow its framework to bring in a classical touch.

Popular film songs in SankarabharanamThough purely classical, this raga has inspired many film songs (adapted with liberties), such as:

  • "Sankarabharanamlo" - (Telugu)
  • "Sangeeta Megam" – Kozhi Koovuthu (Tamil)
  • "Ponveyil manikkacha” -  (Malayalam)

Conclusion

Raga Sankarabharanam is not just a melodic scale—it is a journey into the heart of Carnatic music. Its structure is simple, but its expressive potential is vast. From classical concerts to music classrooms, it continues to inspire musicians and listeners alike. Raga Sankarabharanam is a shining example of classical beauty combined with musical flexibility. Whether you're a student, performer, or listener, exploring this raga offers endless joy and insight into the art of Carnatic music.

To learn more about Carnatic Music, book a free trial class now and check out our Online Carnatic Music course!

Written by
Anagha Murali
Carnatic Vocal SME

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